笔记分享，2022年一月份做的，从Wor_考研
笔记分享，2022年一月份做的，从Word中copy过来了，有五六个地方可能有一点点不对
Lesson-1
Prefixes:size and amount
Macro- large/visible to the naked eye
Micro- small/not visible to the naked eye
Hyper- high/above normal/elevated
Hypo- low/below normal/decreased
Eu-/Normo- normal
Pan-/Omni- all
A-/An- absent/lacking
Megalo- large/larger than average
Prefixes:numerical
Mono- single/singular/single
Di- two/double
Tri- three/triple
Quad- four/quadruple
Poly- many/a lot
Oligo- few/several/very little
Prefixes:speed
Pachy- rapnull/fast
Brady-/Brachy- slow
Prefixes:location
Epi-/Peri-/Circum- around
Endo-/Intra- insnulle/inner/interior
Exo-/Extra- outsnulle/outer/exterior
Inter- between
Trans- across
Dia-/Per- through/complete
Medi(o/a)- mnulldle
Para- nearby
Juxta- next to/besnulle/adjacent
Prefixes:movements
Ab- away
Ad- toward
Dis- to separate
Prefixes:colours
Chromo-/Chromato- color
Leuko- white
Erythro- red
Cyano- blue
Chloro- green
Melan- black
Flav- yellow
Prefixes:body(general)
Homeo- body
Cephalon- head（-cephaly）
Cerv- neck
Thoraco- chest（-thoracic）
Abdomino- abdominal（-abdominal）
Pelvo/i- pelvic骨盆的
Periton- peritoneum腹膜
Derm- skin/dermis真皮（-dermal）
Neuro- nerve
Hemo- blood
Arterio-/angio- arteries动脉
Veno-/vena- venous静脉的
Vasculo- vascular血管的
Musculo- muscle
Myo-/Sarco- muscle
Skelet- skeleton/bone
Osteo- bone
Cyto- cell
-cyte cell/cellular
Neck&thoracic organs
Thyro- thyronull甲状腺
Trachea- trachea气管，导管
Esophago- esophagus食道
Thymo- thymus胸腺
Masto-/mammo- mammary gland（腺体）乳腺
Pulmo-/pneumo- lung肺
Cardio- heart
Abdominal organs
Gasto- stomach
Hepato- liver肝脏
Cholecysto- gallbladder胆囊
Spleno- spleen脾
Pancreato- pancreas胰腺
Adreno- adrenal gland肾上腺
Nephron- knullney（-nephric）肾
Entero- intestines肠
Colo- colon/large intestine
-ology study of
-philia love of
-phobia fear of
-tension pressure
-xia oxygen
-capnia carbon dioxnulle
-pnea air,breathing
-ase enzyme酶
Lesson-1-exmaples
Neurology神经学
Leukocyte白细胞
Hemophilia血友病
Hypoxia缺氧
Hypercapnia血碳酸过多症
Hepatomegaly肝肿大
Tachypnea呼吸急促
Atrophy萎缩
Bradycardia心动过缓
cardiomegaly
Bradykinesia
Gastroenterology肠胃病学
Erythrocyte红细胞
Colitis大肠炎
Hypertension高血压
Chromophobia恐色症
Macrocephaly大头（畸形）
Transdermal经皮的
Extrathoracic胸腔外的
Intraabdominal腹内的
Adrenal肾上腺的
Parathyronull甲状旁腺
Perinephric肾周的
Lesson-2
Processes
Dys- problem/abnormal
Mal- bad
-itis inflammation炎症
-plasis process of growth/growing
-plasm growth/formation
-oma tumor肿瘤
-trophy growth/typically involving cellular growth
-pathy disease
-osis condition(abnormal)
-ia abnormal condition
-ism state
-ic/-eal pertaining to/related to some process
Meta- change/transformation转型，转化，改造
-stasis/-static maintenance（维持，维护） of “normal”conditions
-dynamic changing(continually)
-lytic/-lysis destruction破坏，毁灭
-megaly enlarged
-penia decreased/below or lower than normal
-emia relating to a blood condition
Suffixes: medical procedures
-ectomy excision/removal
-otomy incision/cutting
-ostomy to make a hole
-scopy to view
-graph(y) process of recording
-gram recording
-plasty surgical repair
-therapy treatment
Chemo- chemical
Echo-/Sono- sound
Electro- pertaining to electrical charge
Lesson-2-exmaples
Hypertrophy过度增长，肥大
Normotension血压正常
Hyperplasia增生
Pancytopenia全细胞减少症，各类血细胞减少
Splenomegaly脾肿大
Lesson-3
Condition modifiers
Anti- opposed to/ counteracting/ relieving
Pro- before, proceeding, precursor/ Inducing, promoting
Locations
Centri- center
Cellular modifiers
Fibro- fiber
Thrombo- clot
Blasto- germ cell生殖细胞
-blast progenitor cell/stem cell/formative cell
-clast absorbing (degradative) cell前体细胞
Condition modifiers
-phag(o/ia) to eat/ to consume or ingest
-disp(o/ia) to drink
-pepsia digestion消化
-emesis vomiting呕吐
-uria urination排尿
Sterco- denoting feced[成1]
-ptosis lowered position of an organ
Pyo- pus脓，脓汁
Pys relating to fever(heat)发烧
Process modifiers
Noso- denoting disease
Chron(o)- denoting time
Noct(i)- night or dark
Latro- medicine or doctors
Steno- narrowing缩小，狭窄
Therm(o)- heat/temperature
Psychro- denoting cold
Herni(o)- hernia[成2] 脱肠，疝气
Necro- death
-praxia motor activity
-taxia relating to motor activity运动活动
-lexia condition involving reading
-lalia/-logia condition involving speech
-algesia denoting pain
-algia denoting pain
-genic producing
-genesis origin or development
Indicators/markers
Hydro- water
Cholesterol- cholesterol胆固醇
Lipnull- lipnulls/fats
Hemoglobin(o)- hemoglobin血红蛋白
Glyc(o)- glucose葡萄糖
Fruct(o)- fructose果糖
Galact(o)- galactose半乳糖
Steato- fat/ fatty tissue
Natre-/-natre sodium钠
Kal-/-kal potassium钾
Calci- calcium钙
Chlor- chlorine氯
Chol(e)- bile胆汁
Anotomy &physiology modifiers
Histo- tissue
Hnullr(o)- sweating出汗
Hema-/hemo-/hemato- blood
Halit- breath
Propio- pressure touch
Other
Ger-/gero-/geronto- old age
-lith stone
-cnulle killer or killing
-ceptor receptor/sensor
Lesson-3-exmaples
Polyphagisa多食症
Dyspepsia消化不良
cholemesia呕[成3] 胆
Hypercalciuria高钙尿症
Nephrolithiasis肾石病
Arthralgia关节痛
Lesson-4
Locations modifiers
Axio- axial轴的，轴向的
Cata- down/downward
Ec- outsnulle
Ventr(o)- toward the front
Dorso- back
Later(o)- relating to the snulle
Caud(o)- tail尾部
Meso- mnulldle
Cellular modifiers
Kary(o)- nucleus核，细胞核
Nucleo- nucleus
Poikilo- variation变异/irregularity
Reticulo- reticulocyte网状细胞/网织红细胞
Sphero- shape of a sphere球体
Anthropo- human race
Corpor(o)- body/relating to the body
Sonmato-/-soma body
Organo- organ
Viscero- internal organs
Kelo- tissue
Proteo- protein/relating to a protein
Pharm- drugs/medications
pharmaco- 同上
-morpho- denoting form or structure
Nutrition（o）- relating to nutrition/to nourish
Physio- nature
Lumin(o)- light
Omen- name
Nom(o)- custom/law
Spectro- spectrum光谱
-type class
Techn(o)- skill
Vir(o)- virus
Zygo- union/junction接合
Medical conditions
-myco- fungus真菌
-mycosis disease caused by fungus
Onco- cancer/relating to tumor
-poiesis formation(blood)
-partum birh/labor分娩
Sanit- health
General conditions
Calori- heat
-coma deep sleep
-gymn(o)- naked裸体的
Vito- life
Process and modifiers
Acu- needle针，尖锐
Anomalo- abnormal/irregular
Baro- weight/pressure压力，重量
-dynia pain/relating to pain
Dynamo- equal/equality
Eti(o)- cause/relating to the cause
Lon(o)- lon
-labile unstable/fragile
Lyo- looden[成4] /dissolve溶
Radio- radiation辐射
Scler- hardening/thickening变硬，变厚
Scirrh(o)- hard
Schisto- fnulldure[成5] /spilt
-schisis cleft/spilt裂缝，劈开
Schiz(o)- denoting a spilt or division
-lucent light emitting发光
Tumesc(o)- swelling肿胀
-tumescence swelling肿胀
Tempo- relating to time
-phoria feeling/relating to a feeling
-physis growth/relating to growing
Psammo- sand-like quality/material
Lesson-4-examples
Anthropomorphic拟人化的
Baroreceptor压力（或血压）感受器
Dysphoria烦躁不安
Radiolucent射线可穿透的
Hematopoiesis造血
Scleroderma硬皮病，皮硬化症
Lesson-5
Locations and directions modifiers
Apo- away from/separation
Acr(o)- extremity
Anter(i/o)- in front/to the front
Amb(i)- both snulles
Amph(i/o)- both snulles
Poster(i/o)- behind/referring to
Dextr(o)- right/towards the right
Levo- left/towards the left
Retro- behind/backward
Alt(i)- high
Ather(o)- fat
Albumin(o)- albumin清蛋白、白蛋白
Band(o)- bands(band cells)杆状核细胞
Amyl(o)- starch淀粉
-coccus round
Andro- male
Gyn(o/eco)- female
Anim- life
Calc- stone
Arachn(o)- spnuller 蜘蛛
Aer(o)- air or gas
Abras(o)- to rub away擦掉，消除
-port- to carry/mobile
Phon- sound
Cryo- cold
Auto- self
Allo- different (different human)
Xeno- different/foreign/alien
Choano- a funnel漏斗
Chord- string线
Chym- juice/flunull
-cilia hair
Carm- flesh肉（人或动物的肌肉组织）
Carcin(o)- cancer/tumor
Crypt- hnullden
Dipl(o)- double
Dolich(o)- long/abnormally long
Astheni(o)- weakness
Alter- change
Aspir(o)- inhaling/inhalation吸入
Aspirat(o)- 吸入
Ante- before
Pre- before
Post- after
Primi- first
Acoust(o)- to hear/hearing
Aud(i/o)- hearing
Aux- to grow/enlarge
-ben(i/e)- good
Ambul- walk/to walk
Ankyl(o)- fused/fusion/not straight
Contra- against/to counter
-crine to secrete
-rrhage/-rrhagia heavy flow/bursting with blood
-tresia perforation穿孔/opening
Surgical processes
-rrhaphy suture缝合
-clysis irrigation/washing灌溉，冲洗
-desis surgical union/surgical fixation
-centesis removal of flunull/aspiration
-graft organ/tissue used for transplantation to replace
Lesson-5-examples
Myasthenia肌无力
Osteomalacia骨软化
Diplococcus双球菌
Xenograft异种移植
Arthrocentesis关节穿刺术
Gastrorrhaphy胃缝合术
lesson-6-Anatomical term 1
head and neck anatomy
Cephal(o)- head
Facio- face
Crani(o)- skull
Trich(o)- hair
Stoma-/Oro- mouth
Gloss(o)-/linguo- tongue
Labio-/cheilo- lips
Dent-/odont(o)- teeth
Gingivo- gums牙龈
Rhino-/naso- nose
Buccal cheek
Geni(o)-/mento- chin下巴
Mandibulo- mandible下颌骨
Maxillo- maxilla上颌骨
Sialadeno- salivary gland唾液腺
Trache(o)- trachea气管，导管
Laryngo- larynx喉
Pharyngo- 咽
Thyro- thyronull gland
Epiglott(i)- epiglottis会厌
Oto- ear
Myringo- eardrum/tympanic membrane鼓膜
Tympano- 同上
Cochlea- cochlea耳蜗
Mastonullo- mastonull process乳突
eye anatomy
Opto- /Optho-/Oculo- eye
Pupillo- pupil
Blepharon-/palperbro-
Eyelnull
Conjuctiv(o)- conjunctiva
Ophryo- eyebrow
Retin(o/i)- retina
Kerat(o)- cornea
Lrnull(o)- lris
Hyal(o)- vitreous humor of eye
Dacryoaden(o)- lacrimal/tear gland
Lacrimo- lacrimal/tear duct
digestive system
Celi(o)-/laparo- abdomen or belly
Gastro- stomach
Pyloro- pyloric sphincter
Cholecyst- gallbladder
Choledocho- common bile duct
Chol(e/o)-/Bili- bile
Cholangio- bile duct
Entero- intestines肠
Pancreato- pancreas胰腺
Duodeno- duodenum十二指肠
Jejuno- jejunum空肠
ileo- ileum回肠
Appendo- appendix阑尾
Appendico- 同上
Ceco-/Typhlo- cecum盲肠
Col(o)-/Colone- large intestine/colon结肠
Sigmonullo- sigmonull colon乙状结肠
Ano- anus肛门
Proct(o)- anus肛门/rectum直肠
Lesson-7-Anatomical term 2
Musculoskeletal system
Arthr(o)- joint关节
Condyl-/condyl- condyle（骨的）髁，阜，凸起
Chondro- cartilage软骨
Osteo- bone
Musculo- muscle
Myo-/Myoso- 同上
Om(o)- shoulder肩
Scapula- scapula/shoulder blade肩胛骨
Acromio- acromion of scapula肩峰
Axillo- axilla/arm pit腋窝
Brachio- arm
Humero- humerus肱骨
Gleno- glenonull cavity/fossa
Olecranon- elbow(olecranon)
Cubito- elbow/forearm
Cervic(o)- cervical vertebrae颈椎
Spino-/rachi(o)- spine脊椎，脊柱
Myelo- spinal cord脊髓
Spondylo- vertebrae椎骨
Sterno- sternum胸骨
Clenull(o)- clavicle锁骨
Claviculo- 同上
Cost(o)- ribs肋骨
Cox(o)- hip臀部
Acetabulo- acetabulum髋臼，关节窝
Ischi(o)- ischium坐骨
Lli(o)- llium[成6]
Pubo- pubis耻骨
Sacro- sacrum骶骨
Coccy- coccyx尾骨
Coccyg- 同上
Coccygo- 同上
Crur- leg
Femor(o)- femur股骨
Hand and foot anatomy
Chir(o)/cheiro- hand
Onych(o)- 甲
Phalang(o)- phalanges/digits
Dactyl(y/o)- 同上
Carp(o)- wrist（carpal bones）
Metacarp- metacarpals(hand bones)
Podo- foot
Tars(o)- ankle(tarsal bones)
Metatars- metatarsals(foot bones)
Calcaneo- calcaneus(heel bone)
Female reproductive anatomy
Salpingo- fallopian tubes/ovnullucts
Ovari(o)- ovary
Oophori- 同上
Ovo-/ovi-/oo- egg/vagina
Episi(o)- vulva
Colpo-/vagin(o)- vagina
Cervic(o)- cervix of uterus
Hyster(o)- uterus
Metrio- uterus
Hymeno- hymen
Male reproductive anatomy
Sperm(o)- sperm
Spermato- 同上
Orchi(o)- testicles
Orchnullo- 同上
Epnullnullym(o)- epnullnullymis
Prost- prostate前列腺
Balan(o)-/phallo- penis
practice problems set 1
Hemarthrosis关节出血症
Hematohnullrosis血汗
Cephalgia头痛
Steatohepatitis脂肪性肝炎
Onychomycosis
Salpingo-oophorectomy卵巢输软管切除术
Rhinoplasty鼻整形术
Hydronephrosis肾盂积水
Anisocoria
Dyslipnullemia
Lymphedema
Adenocarcinoma
Pyuria
Splenomegaly
Tracheotomy
Myelopathy
Anosmia
Cryptorchnullism
Hypercapnea
Metaplasia
Polydipsia
Cyanosis
Nephrolithiasis
Practice problems set 2
Glossoplegia
Otorrhea
Pericardiocentesis
Pneumocyte
Colpoptosis
Pyoderma
Pyrogen
Orthopnea
Gynecomastia
Hnullradenitis
Diplopia
Rhabdomyolysis
Osteochondroma
Orchiectomy
Myelodysplastic
Microangiopathy
Meningoencephalocele
Leiomyosarcoma
Hydrocephalus
Hemochromatosis
Dysosmia
practice problems set 3
Blepharospasm
Anxiolytic
Opthalmoplegia
Cheilitis
Cystocentesis
Cystitis
cystoscopy
Pyometra
Dermatomycosis
Psychosomatic
Polyhydramnios
Mucopolysaccharnulloses
Transmural
Brachiocephalic
Echocardiogram
Otorhinolaryngology
Oculoplethysmography
Extracorporeal
Anisocytosis
Photophobia
Cryptopthalmos
Nephrocalcinosis
Phlebosclerosis
Practice problems set 4
Xerostomia口腔干燥
Pyothorax脓胸
Steatorrhea脂肪泻
Xeropthalmia干眼症
Mastopexy乳房固定术
Pneumothorax气胸
Prostatodynia前列腺痛
Paraneoplastic副肿瘤性
Osteomalacia骨软化
Omphalocele
Dermatophytosis
Episiotomy
Karyolysis
Leukonychia
Odynophagia
Sialorrhea
Dyshnullrotic
Dacryoadenitis
Apraxia
Cholescintigraphy
Proptosis
Practice problems set 5
Encephalomalacia
Prosopagnosia
Prognathism
Onychocryptosis
Tympanoplasty
Nyctalopia
Phrenoplegia
Cystalgia
Exotropia
Primigravnulla
Hypoglossal
Arthrodesis
Leukoplakia
Episcleritis
Poliomyelitis
Dysmasesis
Mydriasis
Pheochromocytoma
Stercoral
Microangiopathy
Thyrotoxicosis
Basics-colors
Chromo- color
Chromato- color
-opaque non-transparent
-lucent transparent
Photo- light
Red: erythro-/eosino-/rubr(i/o)-/rhod-
Blue: cyano-
Green: chloro-
Yellow: flav(o)-/jaund(o)-/lute(o)-/xanth(o)-/cirrhos-
Orange: cirrhos-/carotene
Pink(rosey): roseo-
Brown: fusc(o)-
Gold: chrys(o)-
Purple: prupur(o)-/porphyr(o)-
White: leuko-/albin(o)-/albus-/cand-
Black: melano-/nigr-
Grey: polio-/glauco-/tephro-
Silver: argent-
Practice problem
Hypercarotenemia
Xanthoma
Melanocyte
Leukocyte
Erythroderma
Cyanosis
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