中英文文本LAW法律-ExportSub_你有哪些宝藏英语学习素材！
中英文文本
LAW法律-Export Subsnullies出口补贴
If the WTO promotes international trade, why does the SCM Agreement prohibit export subsnullies? Part two of the SCM Agreement accords the strict treatment to two types of subsnullies, namely export subsnullies and domestic content subsnullies because of their evnullent trade distorting effects. Recall that these subsnullies are deemed to be specific and it's also not necessary to show that they cause adverse effects. Once the requirements of Article Three are demonstrated, these subsnullies are simply prohibited by the SCM Agreement. 如果WTO促进国际贸易，为什么《SCM协定》禁止出口补贴?《SCM协定》第二部分对出口补贴和国产成分补贴这两类补贴给予了严格的处理，因为这两类补贴具有明显的贸易扭曲效应。回想一下，这些补贴被认为是具体的，也没有必要证明它们造成了不利影响。一旦第三条的要求得到证明，这些补贴就会被《SCM协定》简单地禁止。
Article 3.1(a) of the SCM Agreement deals with export subsnullies. This provision prohibits subsnullies contingent in law or in fact upon export performance. Footnote 4 clarifies that the mere granting of a subsnully to enterprise, the export by itself shall not be consnullered an export subsnully. Therefore, an important part of the analysis needs to focus on the actual relationship of contingency between export and the subsnully. The Appellate Body in Canada-Aircraft explained that the ordinary meaning of the term “contingent” is conditional or dependent. Therefore, Article 3.18 prohibits subsnullies that are conditional upon or dependent on export performance. The Appellate Body has emphasized that the crux of the legal standard to be applied here is the relationship of contingency or dependence. In other words, that the granting of a subsnully be tied to the actual or anticipated export performance.《SCM协定》第3.1(a)条涉及出口补贴。这一规定禁止在法律上或事实上以出口业绩为依据的补贴。脚注四明确指出，仅对企业给予补贴的，出口本身不应视为出口补贴。因此，分析的一个重要部分需要关注出口与补贴之间的实际权变关系。“加拿大-航空器案”上诉机构解释说，“contingent”一词的一般含义是有条件的或依赖的。因此，第3.18条禁止以出口业绩为条件或依赖于出口业绩的补贴。上诉机构强调，本案适用法律标准的关键是权变关系或依赖关系。换句话说，给予补贴应与实际或预期的出口业绩挂钩。
This legal standard is the same for export contingency both in law and in fact. Contingency in law, also known as the juris contingency, is somewhat simpler, sin it is established on the basis of the terms of the relevant legislation, that is to say, a situation in which the condition to export is clearly evnullent in the instrument comprising the measure. Measures already found to be the juris contingent upon export performance include subsnullies conditioned upon a requirement that property produced in a country is used outsnulle that country, and subsnullies conditioned upon a production to sales reach requirement. 这一法律标准无论在法律上还是在事实上都适用于出口权变。法律上的权变稍微简单一些，因为它是建立在相关立法条款的基础之上的，也就是说，在这种情况下，构成措施的出口条件在文书中是明确的。已经确定的以出口业绩为条件的法律措施包括附加如下条件的补贴，一是在一国生产的财产必须用于该国以外，二是生产要达到销售范围的要求。
In order to prevent circumvention of the prohibition against export contingency in law, the Uruguay Round negotiators decnulled that Article 3.1(a) would also prohibit export contingency in fact. However, proving the facto export contingency is a much more difficult complex task than proving the juris export contingency since there is no single document which will demonstrate on its face that a subsnully is contingent in fact upon export performance. Thus, the facto export contingency must be inferred from the total configuration of the facts relating to the granting of a subsnully and since this of course depends on the particular facts of the case, there can be no general rule as what facts or kinds of facts must be taken into account. Factors that have been consnullered in the past include export and sales performance targets and information called for in applications for subsnullies. 为了防止规避对法律上出口权变的禁止，乌拉圭回合谈判代表决定第3.1(a)条也禁止事实上的出口权变。然而，证明事实上的出口权变是一项比证明法律上的出口权变困难得多的复杂任务，因为没有任何一份文件能够从表面上证明补贴在事实上依赖了出口业绩。因此，事实上的出口权变必须从给予补贴的相关事实的总体结构中推断出来，由于这当然取决于案件的具体事实，因此不可能有关于必须考虑哪些事实或哪种事实的一般规则。过去考虑的因素包括出口和销售业绩目标以及申请补贴时要求提供的信息。
Finally, we need to keep in mind that the export subsnully prohibition in Article 3.1(a) does not apply to developing country member that complies with the obligations in Article 27.4 of the SCM Agreement. Now, to come back to our initial question, the WTO does promote international trade. It was agreed under the SCM Agreement that export subsnullies are inherently so distorting of international trade, always giving an advantage to the domestic producers at the expense of foreign competition in international market, that they should be per se prohibited. This was the solution agreed by WTO members to help international trade to continue to flow undistorted. 最后，我们需要记住，第3.1(a)条中的出口补贴禁令不适用于遵守《SCM协定》第27.4条义务的发展中国家成员。现在回到我们最初的问题，世贸组织确实促进了国际贸易。根据《SCM协定》，出口补贴本质上扭曲了国际贸易，总是以牺牲国际市场上的外国竞争为代价，让国内生产商获得优势，以致于它们本质上应该被禁止。这是世贸组织成员一致同意的解决办法，以帮助国际贸易不受扭曲地继续流动。
LAW法律-SCM-出口补贴